ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ .ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ, ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯦꯂꯕꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ-ꯃꯇꯝ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯈꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯥꯔꯝ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯠ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯨꯕꯤꯡ-ꯑꯦꯅꯀꯦꯄꯁꯨꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯤ.ꯏ.ꯁꯤ., ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟ/ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ, ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ (ꯗꯦꯇꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ/ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯇꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯔ, ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ., ꯒꯖ, ꯚꯂꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯡ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ) ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯚ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯦꯂꯕꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯨꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯄꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯋꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?
ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ-ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯄꯥꯋꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕꯔ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ, ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ. ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ, ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ-ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ) ꯏꯅꯦꯕꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ, ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯃꯣꯠ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯈꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯂꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯟꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯚꯤꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ/ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯥꯔꯝ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯅꯦꯕꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫
ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ (ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ)
Elevated temperatures (often >150°C; some applications >꯲꯰꯰ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.
ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯚ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ (H2S, Co2, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯟ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯟ
ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ (ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ, ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ)
ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ/ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯇꯨꯕꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯁ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ; ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯋꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ/ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯛꯌꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯕꯁꯤꯑꯣ/ꯑꯝꯕꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯱꯳꯶꯲꯸-꯵.(ꯑꯝꯕꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯱꯷ꯏ.(ꯁꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ/ꯑꯝꯕꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ-ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ.ꯇꯤ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ꯫ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯟꯌꯨꯏꯇꯤ/ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ, ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄꯣꯠ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ, ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯥꯏꯜ/ꯐꯦꯇꯤꯒꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯤꯇꯅꯦꯁ/ꯐꯦꯠ ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ:
ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯔꯀꯥꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯕꯔꯁ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯕꯔꯁ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ+ꯄꯥꯋꯔ) ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯦꯂꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯇꯤ, ꯄꯤ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫
ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯜ ꯂꯣꯗ, ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁ, ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ) ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯄꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯨꯂꯔ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯃꯤꯌꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯨꯂꯔ ꯇꯤ.ꯏ.ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯄꯦꯛ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ-ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯚꯦꯂꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯤꯁꯃꯦꯠ:ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ -ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ/ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ:ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ, ꯃꯤꯜ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯁꯨꯕꯥ-ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
ꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯃꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ; ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯟꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ:ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ./ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯩ꯫
ꯃꯤꯇꯤꯒꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯔꯤꯖꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯃꯞꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ + ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ), ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯥ ꯋꯤꯊ ꯋꯤꯊ ꯋꯤꯊ, ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ/ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦ. ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ - ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯃꯦꯀꯔ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯥꯂꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯄꯔꯆꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ
ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯚꯥꯂꯨꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯆꯦꯀꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ.
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯤꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯐꯦꯠ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯔꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯪꯅꯕꯥ) ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ{0}}ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯄꯣꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ, ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯇꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯁ ꯀꯤꯠ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
ꯁꯦꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯆꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ?
JSHCABLE ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯗꯥ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯀꯈꯉꯂꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ., ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯜ., ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯏ.ꯁꯤ. ꯍꯣꯂꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯣ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ.&ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯀꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ .
ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ
ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ-ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ
ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯂꯁꯦꯜ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯃꯃꯜ
ꯍꯣꯂꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯚꯤꯁꯤ ꯁꯕꯃꯔꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯃꯃꯜ
ꯍꯣꯂꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯕꯃꯦꯔꯤꯕꯜ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯀꯦꯕꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ jshcable
ꯔꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯃꯤꯌꯥꯟ - ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ & ꯇꯦꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯚꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯃꯤꯌꯥꯟ .
ISO 13628-5 (ꯑꯃꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ) - ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯏꯇꯦꯍ
API 17e - ꯁꯕꯁꯤꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯝꯕꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ꯫
scienceDirect - ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯥꯔꯝ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯍꯣꯜ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯋꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ)꯫ scienceDirect .
ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯠ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ / ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯂꯦꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯞ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯚꯤꯌꯨ (ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ)꯫ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯀꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ .